PowerShell の Try-Catch：エラー処理ガイド

      Get-Content C:\users.txt | Get-ADUser -Properties name | Select-Object -Property SamAccountName,name
      

      # trying to get a file which doesn't exist, and an error is generated.

Get-Item "C:\file44.txt"

# Display a message along with the last error.

Write-Host "Oops! Something went wrong Here's the error: $($Error[0])"
      

      try {

    # Attempt to stop a process that may not be running

    Stop-Process -Name "Notepad" -ErrorAction Stop

    # If no error occurs, this line will execute

    Write-Host "Notepad process stopped successfully."

}

catch {

    # Handle the error gracefully

    Write-Host "Oops! Could not stop the process. Error: $($_.Exception.Message)"

}
      

      try {

    $number = [int](Read-Host "Enter a number")

    Write-Output "Result: $(10 / $number)"

}

catch {

    Write-Output "Error: Invalid input or division by zero!"

}

finally {

    Write-Output "Program execution completed."

}
      

      try {

    # Define an array

    $numbers = @(1, 2, 3)

    # Access an invalid index using a .NET method that throws an exception

    $value = $numbers.GetValue(5) 

    Write-Host "Value: $value"

}

catch [System.IndexOutOfRangeException] {

    # Handle the specific exception

    Write-Host "Error: Index out of range exception caught."

}

finally {

    # This block always executes

    Write-Host "Execution completed."

}
      

      try {

    # Prompt user for first input

    $num1 = Read-Host "Enter the first number"

    $num1 = [int]$num1  # Convert to integer (may cause FormatException)

    # Prompt user for second input

    $num2 = Read-Host "Enter the second number"

    $num2 = [int]$num2  # Convert to integer (may cause FormatException)

    # Perform division (may cause DivideByZeroException)

    $result = $num1 / $num2

    # Print result

    Write-Host "Result: $result"

}

catch [System.FormatException] {

    # Handling invalid input error

    Write-Host "Error: Please enter only numeric values!"

}

catch [System.DivideByZeroException] {

    # Handling division by zero error

    Write-Host "Error: Cannot divide by zero!"

}

catch {

    # Handling unexpected errors

    Write-Host "An unexpected error occurred: $_"

}

finally {

    # Code that always runs

    Write-Host "Execution completed."

}
      

      try {

    # Attempt to convert user input to an integer (may throw FormatException)

    $number = Read-Host "Enter a number"

    $number = [int]$number 

    # Try running a non-existent command (may throw CommandNotFoundException)

    NonExistent-Command 

}

catch [System.FormatException] {

    Write-Host "Error: Invalid input. Please enter a valid number."

}

catch [System.Management.Automation.CommandNotFoundException] {

    Write-Host "Error: Command not found. Please check the command name."

}

catch {

    Write-Host "An unexpected error occurred: $_"

}

finally {

    Write-Host "Execution completed."

}
      

      try {

    # Attempt to open a non-existent file

    Get-Content "C:\File1.txt" -ErrorAction Stop

}

catch {

    # Using $_.Exception.Message to get detailed error information

    Write-Host "Error occurred: $($_.Exception.Message)"

    # Using $PSItem (same as $_) to display full error details

    Write-Host "Full Error Details: $PSItem"

}

finally {

    Write-Host "Execution completed."

}
      

      # Global error handler using trap

trap {

    Write-Host "Global Error Handler (trap): $_"

    continue  # Allows the script to continue execution

}

function Test-TryCatch {

    try {

        Write-Host "Inside Try Block"

        1 / 0  # This will cause a division by zero error

        Write-Host "This line will not execute due to the error above."

    } catch {

        Write-Host "Caught in Try-Catch: $_"

    }

}

Write-Host "Before function call"

Test-TryCatch

Write-Host "After function call"

# Triggering another error outside try-catch to see if trap works

Write-Host "Triggering an error outside Try-Catch"

Get-Item "C:\NonExistentFile.txt" -ErrorAction Stop  # Force a terminating error

Write-Host "Script completed"
      

      $directoryPath = "C:\NonExistentFolder"

try {

    Write-Host "Checking if directory exists..."

    Get-ChildItem -Path $directoryPath -ErrorAction Stop  # Force a terminating error if the directory doesn't exist

    Write-Host "Directory found."

} catch {

    Write-Host "Error: The directory '$directoryPath' was not found."

}
      

      # Define the path to the file

$filePath = "D:\NonExistentFile.txt"

# Check if the file exists

if (Test-Path -Path $filePath) {

    try {

        # Try to read the file contents

        $fileContents = Get-Content -Path $filePath -ErrorAction Stop

        Write-Host "File contents: $fileContents"

    }

    catch {

        # Handle any exceptions that occur while reading the file

        Write-Host "Error: Unable to read the file. Exception Message: $_"

    }

} else {

    # If the file does not exist, display an error message

    Write-Host "Error: The file does not exist."

}
      

      # List of server names (replace with actual server names or IPs)

$servers = @("lhehost9", "lhehost11", "lhehost10")

foreach ($server in $servers) {

    try {

        Write-Host "Attempting to connect to $server..."

        # Simulating a remote connection (Replace with actual connection command)

        Test-Connection -ComputerName $server -Count 2 -ErrorAction Stop

        Write-Host "Successfully connected to $server.`n"

    } catch {

        Write-Host "Error: Failed to connect to $server. Skipping to next server...`n"

        continue  # Continue to the next server in the loop

    }

}

Write-Host "Script execution completed."
      

      try {

    $filePath = "D:\Office\Backup\eventviewer_logs.txt"

    $fileStream = [System.IO.StreamWriter]::new($filePath)

    $fileStream.WriteLine("Hello, World!")

}

catch {

    Write-Host "An error occurred: $_"

}

finally {

    if ($fileStream) {

        $fileStream.Close()

        Write-Host "File stream closed successfully."

    }

}
      

      try {

    Write-Host "Starting First try block..."

    try {

        Write-Host "Attempting to divide by zero..."

        $result = 1 / 0  # This will cause a divide-by-zero exception

    }

    catch [System.DivideByZeroException] {

        Write-Host "Inner catch: Division by zero error occurred"

        throw "Re-throwing error to outer try block"

    }

    try {

        Write-Host "Accessing a file that doesn't exist..."

        Get-Content -Path "C:\File1.txt" -ErrorAction Stop

    }

    catch [System.IO.FileNotFoundException] {

        Write-Host "Inner catch: File not found error occurred"

    }

}

catch {

    Write-Host "Outer catch: Handling an error from inner blocks - $($_.Exception.Message)"

}

finally {

    Write-Host "Executing final block for cleanup..."

}
      

      $SMTPServer = "lvkex.ca.lo"

$SMTPPort = 587

$From = "aadministrator@ca.lo"

$To = "administrator@ca.lo"

$Subject = "PowerShell Script Error Alert"

try {

    Write-Host "Executing script..."  

    # Simulate an error (divide by zero)

    $result = 1 / 0 

}

catch {

    # Capture actual error message details

    $ErrorMessage = @"

An error occurred in the PowerShell script.

Message: $($_.Exception.Message)

Script: $($MyInvocation.ScriptName)

Line: $($_.InvocationInfo.ScriptLineNumber)

Date: $(Get-Date -Format "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")

"@

    # Log error to console and send email

    Write-Host "An error occurred. Sending email notification..."

    Send-MailMessage -SmtpServer $SMTPServer -Port $SMTPPort -From $From -To $To -Subject $Subject -Body $ErrorMessage

}

}
      

      # Define file paths

$CsvFile = "C:\Members (7).csv"

$LogFile = "C:\logs.txt"

# Import CSV

$Users = Import-Csv -Path $CsvFile

foreach ($User in $Users) {

    try {

        # Attempt to find the user in AD using CN or SamAccountName

        $ADUser = Get-ADUser -LDAPFilter "(cn=$($User.cn))" -Properties SamAccountName, Description -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

        if ($ADUser -eq $null) {

            # Log missing users

            $ErrorMessage = "$(Get-Date): User '$($User.cn)' not found in AD."

            Write-Host $ErrorMessage

            Add-Content -Path $LogFile -Value $ErrorMessage

            continue  # Skip to the next user

        }

        # Define new description

        $NewDescription = "Test update on $(Get-Date -Format 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss')"

        # Update AD user description

        Set-ADUser -Identity $ADUser.SamAccountName -Description $NewDescription -ErrorAction Stop

        # Log success

        Write-Host "Updated: $($ADUser.SamAccountName) - New Description: $NewDescription"

    }

    catch {

        # Capture and log errors

        $ErrorMessage = "$(Get-Date): Error updating $($User.cn) ($($ADUser.SamAccountName)) - $($_.Exception.Message)"

        Write-Host $ErrorMessage

        Add-Content -Path $LogFile -Value $ErrorMessage

    }

}
      

      # Define server details

$Server = "ada1.adatum.local"

$LogFile = "C:\log.txt"

try {

    # Check if the server responds to a ping

    $PingTest = Test-NetConnection -ComputerName $Server

    if (-not $PingTest.PingSucceeded) {

        throw "Server $Server is not responding to ping."

    }

    # Check RDP connectivity (port 3389)

    $RDPTest = Test-NetConnection -ComputerName $Server -Port 3389

    if (-not $RDPTest.TcpTestSucceeded) {

        throw "Server $Server is reachable but RDP port 3389 is not open."

    }

    # If both checks pass

    Write-Host "Server $Server is reachable, and RDP is accessible."

}

catch {

    # Capture and log the error

    $ErrorMessage = "$(Get-Date): Error connecting to server $Server - $($_.Exception.Message)"

    Write-Host $ErrorMessage

    Add-Content -Path $LogFile -Value $ErrorMessage

}
      

      try {
    Get-ChildItem "C:\NonExistent" -ErrorAction Stop
} catch {
    Write-Host "Caught the error!"
}
      

      Get-ChildItem "C:\NonExistent" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if (!$?) {
    Write-Host "Command failed silently"
}
      

      try {
    Get-ChildItem "C:\NonExistent" -ErrorAction Stop
} catch {
    Write-Warning "Directory access failed: $($_.Exception.Message)"
}

      

      function Test-Function {
    $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
    try {
        # your commands here
    } catch {
        # error handling
    } finally {
        $ErrorActionPreference = "Continue"
    }
}
      

      Get-ChildItem "C:\*" -ErrorVariable problems -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($problems) {
    Write-Host "Found $($problems.Count) errors to review"
}
      

      foreach ($item in $items) {
    try {
        Process-Item $item -ErrorAction Stop
    } catch {
        Write-Warning "Failed to process $item"
        continue
    }
}
      

      foreach ($item in $items) {
    $retries = 0
    do {
        try {
            Process-Item $item -ErrorAction Stop
            break
        } catch {
            $retries++
            if ($retries -ge 3) {
                Write-Error "Failed after 3 attempts: $item"
                break
            }
            Start-Sleep 1
        }
    } while ($retries -lt 3)
}

      

      $successful = @()
$failed = @()
foreach ($item in $items) {
    try {
        Process-Item $item -ErrorAction Stop
        $successful += $item
    } catch {
        $failed += @{Item=$item; Error=$_.Exception.Message}
    }
}